Cardiac Pacemaker

 A pacemaker is a small medical device that is implanted under the skin in the chest to help regulate the heart's rhythm. It is used to treat heart conditions where the heart beats too slowly (bradycardia) or irregularly, ensuring that the heart maintains a steady and normal rhythm.  

How does it work? 

The pacemaker has two components. 

1. Pulse Generator:  This battery-powered device sends electrical impulses to the heart and is implanted under the skin, typically under the collarbone. 
2. Leads: These thin wires connect the pulse generator to the heart, delivering electrical impulses.   

What are the different types of pacemaker?

There are three major types of pacemaker. 

1. Single-Chamber Pacemaker: Sends impulses to one chamber of the heart, usually the right ventricle. 
2. Dual-Chamber Pacemaker: Sends impulses to both the right atrium and the right ventricle, coordinating the timing between the two chambers.
3. Biventricular Pacemaker: Used for patients with heart failure, this type helps coordinate the contractions of both the left and right ventricles to improve heart function.  

How is the pacemaker implanted?

 The implantation procedure is simple and can significantly enhance the quality of life for those with heart rhythm issues, helping reduce symptoms like dizziness and fatigue.  It is implanted under the local anaesthetic combine with sedation or general anaesthetic. A small incision (3-4 cm) is required under the collarbone, typically on the left side. The pacemaker lead (wire) is looked to the heart on one end and other end is connected to generator box (battery). The procedure can take approximately 60-90 minutes. 

What is the recovery after pacemaker implantation?

After a pacemaker implantation, recovery is generally quick, but there are a few important things to keep in mind.  Most patients can go home after short stay (1-2 nights). 

• It is normal to have some soreness or discomfort around the incision site, but this usually improves within a few days. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help.
• For the first few weeks, you may need to avoid heavy lifting, raising your arm above your head, or engaging in strenuous activities to give the pacemaker leads time to settle into place.   
• Avoid close contact with certain electronic devices, like strong magnets, or machinery that could interfere with the pacemaker.  
• Most people can return to normal activities, including driving, after a few weeks, but always check with your doctor before resuming specific activities.