Coronary angioplasty (stent)

Coronary angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a medical procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. The main goal of this procedure is to improve blood flow to the heart and alleviate symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or reduce the risk of a heart attack. 

The procedure involves:  

1. Catheter Insertion: A small tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, typically in the groin or wrist. It is then guided through the blood vessels to the blocked or narrowed coronary artery.  
2. Balloon Inflation: Once the catheter reaches the affected area, a small balloon is inflated. This balloon pushes plaque (fatty deposits) against the artery wall, widening the artery and allowing for better blood flow.  
3. Stent Placement (optional)**: In many cases, a small metal mesh tube known as a stent is placed in the artery to help keep it open after the balloon is deflated and removed.  

The procedure is usually performed in a specialized area of the hospital called a cardiac catheterization lab, or cath lab. It is often done under local anesthesia, and patients can typically go home the same day or after a short recovery period.  

Coronary angioplasty is commonly used for patients with coronary artery disease, and it can help relieve symptoms of angina or prevent further heart complications.